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Abelia - Абелия

Семейство: Жимолостные
Описание растения:

Цветение абелии: в зависимости от вида, с апреля по сентябрь.
Рост абелии (Caprifoliaceae Juss - ;имолостные): быстрый.
Свет абелия: яркий рассеянный, но не прямой свет.
Температура для абелии: умеренная, летом 20-25°C, зимой 10-15°С.
Полив абелия: летом обильный, в зимнее время поливают осторожно, следя чтобы верхний слой земли между поливом подсох.
Влажность воздуха: необходимо опрыскивание в жаркие дни.
Подкормка: с марта по сентябрь раз в две недели.
Обрезка: весной, прищипка молодых растений для усиления кустистости.
Период покоя: (октябрь—март), температура 10-15°C, полив ограниченный при более высокой температуре поливают чаще, не подкармливают, необходимо хорошее освещение.
Пересадка: весной, молодые ежегодно, взрослые по мере необходимости каждые 2-3 года.
Размножение: весной семенами и черенками.
Род Абелия (Abelia R. Br.) назван в честь врача К. Абеля, работавшего в Китае в XIX веке.
К роду Абелия принадлежит около 30 видов устойчивых, нежных листопадных и вечнозеленых кустарников или небольших деревьев с характерными, супротивными короткочерешковыми листьями и колокольчатыми или воронковидными душистыми цветками на пазушных или верхушечных цветоносах. Плоды маленькие, кожистые, с одним семенем. В естественных условиях представители рода достигают 3-4 метров высоту.
Абелия чаще всего выращивается как оранжерейное растение и как растение для больших внутренних помещений. В садах средней полосы России можно выращивать вид А. корейская (A. coreana).
Виды: Наиболее распространеный в культуре вид — Абелия крупноцветковая (Abelia x grandiflora (Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder [= A. chinensis x A. uniflora] ). Это гибрид выведенный на основе А. китайской и А. одноцветковой. Полувечнозеленый кустарник, достигающий до 180 см в высоту. В комнатной культуре - сравнительно небольшое растение с тонкими, длинными, поникающими побегами, в молодом возрасте окрашенными в розовый цвет. У взрослых растений длина побегов достигает одного метра и более. Очень нарядны мелкие, продолговатые, заостренные вверху листочки, расположенные на побегах супротивно. Окраска их темно-зеленая, блестящая. Цветки относительно крупные, пятилепестные, сросшиеся, собраны в соцветие кисть, выходящее из пазухи листьев. Цветки белые, с приятным ароматом. Абелия цветет обильно и продолжительно.
Из сортов этого вида наиболее популярны: Francis Mason — менее мощный кустарник с золотистыми листьями. Edward Goucher — фото сверху — с лилово-красными цветками длиной 2 см.
А. китайская (A. chinensis R. Br.) — родом из Китая. Это нежный полувечнозеленый кустарник до 2 метров высотой с многочисленными изящными поникающими побегами. С темно-зелеными овально-заостренными листьями. Цветет белыми колоколовидными с красноватыми штрихами цветками, длительный период.

Уход за растением:

С начала весны и до осени поливают обильно, иногда опрыскивают. Зимой поливают осторожно, следя за тем, чтобы земля не пересыхала. Температуру воздуха в зимний период понижают до 10-15°C, при более резком понижении температуры листья начинают опадать. С весны до осени каждые две недели подкармливают минеральными и органическими удобрениями для комнатных растений обычной концентрации. Абелия очень быстро растет и при благоприятных условиях за весенне-летний сезон дает большой прирост. Для того чтобы растение имело более пышную крону, в конце зимы - начале весны его обрезают на половину высоты побегов. Абелию можно выращивать как ампельное растение. Так как растение отличается сильным ростом, молодым растениям необходимы две перевалки за лето. Кадочные экземпляры можно пересаживать через два-три года. Размножают абелию семенами и черенками. Семена высевают в январе месяце, сеянцы быстро растут и в тот же год молодые растения могут зацвести. Размножается весной верхушечными стеблевыми черенками, а также побегами, оставшимися после обрезки. Для того чтобы черенки лучше и быстрее укоренились, их помещают в легкий субстрат (песок, торф, перлит) поддерживая температуру 20-25°С. Молодые растения разрастаются в красивый кустик и цветут в то же лето.

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Цветы и растения КАТАЛОГ РАСТЕНИЙ Лиственные кустарники Abelia - Абелия
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